为轮廓创建旋转边界框和椭圆

目录

• 目标
• 理论
• 代码
• 解释
• 结果

上一篇教程： 为轮廓创建边界框和圆圈
下一篇教程： 图像矩

原作者	Ana Huamán
兼容性	OpenCV >= 3.0

目标

在本教程中，您将学习如何：

• 使用 OpenCV 函数 cv::minAreaRect
• 使用 OpenCV 函数 cv::fitEllipse

理论

代码

C++

本教程代码如下所示。您也可以从 这里 下载。

 
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
 
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
 
Mat src_gray;
int thresh = 100;
RNG rng(12345);
 
void thresh_callback(int, void* );
 
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, "{@input | stuff.jpg | input image}" );
    Mat src = imread( samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input" ) ) );
    if( src.empty() )
    {
cout << "无法打开或找到图像！\n" << endl;
cout << "用法：" << argv[0] << " <输入图像>" << endl;
        return -1;
    }
 
cvtColor( src, src_gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY );
blur( src_gray, src_gray, Size(3,3) );
 
    const char* source_window = "Source";
namedWindow( source_window );
imshow( source_window, src );
 
    const int max_thresh = 255;
createTrackbar( "Canny 阈值:", source_window, &thresh, max_thresh, thresh_callback );
thresh_callback( 0, 0 );
 
waitKey();
    return 0;
}
 
void thresh_callback(int, void* )
{
    Mat canny_output;
Canny( src_gray, canny_output, thresh, thresh*2 );
vector<vector<Point> > contours;
findContours( canny_output, contours, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0) );
 
vector<RotatedRect> minRect( contours.size() );
vector<RotatedRect> minEllipse( contours.size() );
    for( size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++ )
    {
minRect[i] = minAreaRect( contours[i] );
        if( contours[i].size() > 5 )
        {
minEllipse[i] = fitEllipse( contours[i] );
        }
    }
 
    Mat drawing = Mat::zeros( canny_output.size(), CV_8UC3 );
    for( size_t i = 0; i< contours.size(); i++ )
    {
        Scalar color = Scalar( rng.uniform(0, 256), rng.uniform(0,256), rng.uniform(0,256) );
        // 轮廓
        drawContours( drawing, contours, (int)i, color );
        // 椭圆
        ellipse( drawing, minEllipse[i], color, 2 );
        // 旋转矩形
        Point2f rect_points[4];
minRect[i].points( rect_points );
        for ( int j = 0; j < 4; j++ )
        {
            line( drawing, rect_points[j], rect_points[(j+1)%4], color );
        }
    }
 
    imshow( "Contours", drawing );
}

Java

本教程代码如下所示。您也可以从 这里 下载。

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
 
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JSlider;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeEvent;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeListener;
 
import org.opencv.core.Core;
import org.opencv.core.CvType;
import org.opencv.core.Mat;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint2f;
import org.opencv.core.Point;
import org.opencv.core.RotatedRect;
import org.opencv.core.Scalar;
import org.opencv.core.Size;
import org.opencv.highgui.HighGui;
import org.opencv.imgcodecs.Imgcodecs;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
 
class GeneralContours2 {
    private Mat srcGray = new Mat();
    private JFrame frame;
    private JLabel imgSrcLabel;
    private JLabel imgContoursLabel;
    private static final int MAX_THRESHOLD = 255;
    private int threshold = 100;
    private Random rng = new Random(12345);
 
    public GeneralContours2(String[] args) {
String filename = args.length > 0 ? args[0] : "../data/stuff.jpg";
Mat src = Imgcodecs.imread(filename);
        if (src.empty()) {
System.err.println("无法读取图像: " + filename);
System.exit(0);
        }
 
Imgproc.cvtColor(src, srcGray, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
Imgproc.blur(srcGray, srcGray, new Size(3, 3));
 
        // 创建并设置窗口。
frame = new JFrame("轮廓的旋转边界框和椭圆演示");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        // 设置内容面板。
Image img = HighGui.toBufferedImage(src);
addComponentsToPane(frame.getContentPane(), img);
        // 使用内容面板的默认BorderLayout。无需
        // setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        // 显示窗口。
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
update();
    }
 
    private void addComponentsToPane(Container pane, Image img) {
        if (!(pane.getLayout() instanceof BorderLayout)) {
pane.add(new JLabel("容器未使用BorderLayout!"));
            return;
        }
 
JPanel sliderPanel = new JPanel();
sliderPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(sliderPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
 
sliderPanel.add(new JLabel("Canny阈值: "));
JSlider slider = new JSlider(0, MAX_THRESHOLD, threshold);
slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
slider.setMinorTickSpacing(10);
slider.setPaintTicks(true);
slider.setPaintLabels(true);
slider.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {
@Override
            public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
JSlider source = (JSlider) e.getSource();
threshold = source.getValue();
update();
            }
        });
update();
}
 
});
sliderPanel.add(slider);
pane.add(sliderPanel, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
 
JPanel imgPanel = new JPanel();
imgSrcLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(img));
imgPanel.add(imgSrcLabel);
 
Mat blackImg = Mat.zeros(srcGray.size(), CvType.CV_8U);
    }
 
    imgContoursLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(HighGui.toBufferedImage(blackImg)));
imgPanel.add(imgContoursLabel);
pane.add(imgPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
 
}
private void update() {
Mat cannyOutput = new Mat();
 
Imgproc.Canny(srcGray, cannyOutput, threshold, threshold * 2);
List<MatOfPoint> contours = new ArrayList<>();
        Mat hierarchy = new Mat();
Imgproc.findContours(cannyOutput, contours, hierarchy, Imgproc.RETR_TREE, Imgproc.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
RotatedRect[] minRect = new RotatedRect[contours.size()];
            RotatedRect[] minEllipse = new RotatedRect[contours.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) {
            }
        }
 
minRect[i] = Imgproc.minAreaRect(new MatOfPoint2f(contours.get(i).toArray()));
        Mat hierarchy = new Mat();
            minEllipse[i] = new RotatedRect();
            // 轮廓
if (contours.get(i).rows() > 5) {
            // 椭圆
minEllipse[i] = Imgproc.fitEllipse(new MatOfPoint2f(contours.get(i).toArray()));
            // 旋转矩形
            }
Mat drawing = Mat.zeros(cannyOutput.size(), CvType.CV_8UC3);
            Scalar color = new Scalar(rng.nextInt(256), rng.nextInt(256), rng.nextInt(256));
Imgproc.drawContours(drawing, contours, i, color);
            }
        }
 
if (contours.get(i).rows() > 5) {

Imgproc.ellipse(drawing, minEllipse[i], color, 2);
    }
}
 
}
    Point[] rectPoints = new Point[4];
        minRect[i].points(rectPoints);
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
 
        Imgproc.line(drawing, rectPoints[j], rectPoints[(j+1) % 4], color);
        }
imgContoursLabel.setIcon(new ImageIcon(HighGui.toBufferedImage(drawing)));
@Override
            frame.repaint();
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

Python

本教程代码的代码如下所示。您也可以从此处下载。

from __future__ import print_function
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
import argparse
import random as rng
 
rng.seed(12345)
 
def thresh_callback(val):
threshold = val
 
    
canny_output = cv.Canny(src_gray, threshold, threshold * 2)
    
 
    
contours, _ = cv.findContours(canny_output, cv.RETR_TREE, cv.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
    
 
    # 查找每个轮廓的旋转矩形和椭圆
minRect = [None]*len(contours)
minEllipse = [None]*len(contours)
    for i, c in enumerate(contours):
minRect[i] = cv.minAreaRect(c)
        if c.shape[0] > 5:
minEllipse[i] = cv.fitEllipse(c)
 
    # 绘制轮廓 + 旋转矩形 + 椭圆
    
drawing = np.zeros((canny_output.shape[0], canny_output.shape[1], 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    
    for i, c in enumerate(contours):
color = (rng.randint(0,256), rng.randint(0,256), rng.randint(0,256))
        # 轮廓
        cv.drawContours(drawing, contours, i, color)
        # 椭圆
        if c.shape[0] > 5:
            cv.ellipse(drawing, minEllipse[i], color, 2)
        # 旋转矩形
box = cv.boxPoints(minRect[i])
box = np.intp(box) #np.intp：用于索引的整数（与 C 的 ssize_t 相同；通常是 int32 或 int64）
        cv.drawContours(drawing, [box], 0, color)
    
 
    
    cv.imshow('Contours', drawing)
    
 
 
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='用于创建轮廓教程中的旋转边界框和椭圆的代码。')
parser.add_argument('--input', help='输入图像路径。', default='stuff.jpg')
args = parser.parse_args()
 
src = cv.imread(cv.samples.findFile(args.input))
if src is None
print('无法打开或找到图像：', args.input)
exit(0)
 
# 将图像转换为灰度并进行模糊处理
src_gray = cv.cvtColor(src, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
src_gray = cv.blur(src_gray, (3,3))
 
 
 
source_window = 'Source'
cv.namedWindow(source_window)
cv.imshow(source_window, src)
 
max_thresh = 255
thresh = 100 # 初始阈值
cv.createTrackbar('Canny 阈值：', source_window, thresh, max_thresh, thresh_callback)
thresh_callback(thresh)
 
 
cv.waitKey()

说明

结果

结果如下：