图像矩

目录

• 目标
• 原理
• 代码
• 解释
• 结果

上一个教程： 为轮廓创建有界旋转框和椭圆
下一个教程： 点多边形测试

原作者	Ana Huamán
兼容性	OpenCV >= 3.0

目标

在本教程中，你将了解如何

• 使用 OpenCV 函数 cv::moments
• 使用 OpenCV 函数 cv::contourArea
• 使用 OpenCV 函数 cv::arcLength

原理

代码

C++

本教程的代码显示在以下行中。你也可以从 此处 下载它

 
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
 
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
 
Mat src_gray;
int thresh = 100;
RNG rng(12345);
 
void thresh_callback(int, void* );
 
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, "{@input | stuff.jpg | input image}" );
    Mat src = imread( samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input" ) ) );
 
    if( src.empty() )
    {
cout << "Could not open or find the image!\n" << endl;
cout << "usage: " << argv[0] << " <Input image>" << endl;
        return -1;
    }
 
cvtColor(src, src_gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
blur(src_gray, src_gray, 尺寸(3,3);
 
    const char* source_window = "源";
namedWindow(source_window);
imshow(source_window, src);
 
    const int max_thresh = 255;
createTrackbar("Canny 阈值:", source_window, &thresh, max_thresh, thresh_callback);
thresh_callback(0, 0);
 
waitKey();
    return 0;
}
 
void thresh_callback(int, void* )
{
    垫子 canny_output;
Canny(src_gray, canny_output, thresh, thresh*2, 3);
vector<vector<点> > 轮廓;
findContours(canny_output, 轮廓, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
 
vector<力矩> mu(contours.size());
    对于(大小 i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
    {
mu[i] = 力矩(contours[i]);
    }
 
vector<点2f> mc(contours.size());
    对于(大小 i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
    {
        //添加 1e-5 以避免除以零
mc[i] = 点2f(静态_cast<浮点>(mu[i].m10 / (mu[i].m00 + 1e-5)),
                         静态_cast<浮点>(mu[i].m01 / (mu[i].m00 + 1e-5)));
cout << "mc[" << i << "]=" << mc[i] << endl;
    }
 
    垫子 绘制 = Mat::zeros(canny_output.尺寸(), CV_8UC3);
    对于(大小 i = 0; i<contours.size(); i++)
    {
         标量  颜色 =  标量 (rng.uniform(0, 256), rng.uniform(0,256), rng.uniform(0,256));
        drawContours(绘图，轮廓，(int)i，颜色，2);
        圆(绘制，mc[i]，4，颜色，-1);
    }
 
    imshow("轮廓", 绘制);
 
cout << "\t 信息: 区域和轮廓长度 \n";
    对于(大小 i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
    {
cout << " * 轮廓[" << i << "] - 区域 (M_00) = " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << mu[i].m00
<< " - 区域 OpenCV: " << contourArea(contours[i]) << " - 长度: " << arcLength(contours[i], true) << endl;
    }
}

Java

此教程的代码显示在下行。您还可以在此处下载它

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
 
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JSlider;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeEvent;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeListener;
 
import org.opencv.core.Core;
import org.opencv.core.CvType;
import org.opencv.core.Mat;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint2f;
import org.opencv.core.Point;
import org.opencv.core.Scalar;
import org.opencv.core.Size;
import org.opencv.highgui.HighGui;
import org.opencv.imgcodecs.Imgcodecs;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Moments;
 
class MomentsClass {
    private Mat srcGray = new Mat();
    private JFrame frame;
    private JLabel imgSrcLabel;
    private JLabel imgContoursLabel;
    private static final int MAX_THRESHOLD = 255;
    private int threshold = 100;
    private Random rng = new Random(12345);
 
    public MomentsClass(String[] args) {
String filename = args.length > 0 ? args[0] : "../data/stuff.jpg";
Mat src = Imgcodecs.imread(filename);
        if (src.empty()) {
System.err.println("Cannot read image: " + filename);
System.exit(0);
        }
 
Imgproc.cvtColor(src, srcGray, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
Imgproc.blur(srcGray, srcGray, new Size(3, 3));
 
        // Create and set up the window.
frame = new JFrame("Image Moments demo");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        // Set up the content pane.
Image img = HighGui.toBufferedImage(src);
addComponentsToPane(frame.getContentPane(), img);
        // Use the content pane's default BorderLayout. No need for
        // setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        // Display the window.
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
update();
    }
 
    private void addComponentsToPane(Container pane, Image img) {
        if (!(pane.getLayout() instanceof BorderLayout)) {
pane.add(new JLabel("Container doesn't use BorderLayout!"));
            return;
        }
 
JPanel sliderPanel = new JPanel();
sliderPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(sliderPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
 
sliderPanel.add(new JLabel("Canny threshold: "));
JSlider slider = new JSlider(0, MAX_THRESHOLD, threshold);
slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
slider.setMinorTickSpacing(10);
slider.setPaintTicks(true);
slider.setPaintLabels(true);
slider.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {
@Override
            public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
JSlider source = (JSlider) e.getSource();
threshold = source.getValue();
update();
            }
        });
sliderPanel.add(slider);
pane.add(sliderPanel, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
 
JPanel imgPanel = new JPanel();
imgSrcLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(img));
imgPanel.add(imgSrcLabel);
 
Mat blackImg = Mat.zeros(srcGray.size(), CvType.CV_8U);
imgContoursLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(HighGui.toBufferedImage(blackImg)));
imgPanel.add(imgContoursLabel);
 
pane.add(imgPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    }
 
    private void update() {
Mat cannyOutput = new Mat();
Imgproc.Canny(srcGray, cannyOutput, threshold, threshold * 2);
 
List<MatOfPoint> contours = new ArrayList<>();
Mat hierarchy = new Mat();
Imgproc.findContours(cannyOutput, contours, hierarchy, Imgproc.RETR_TREE, Imgproc.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
 
List<Moments> mu = new ArrayList<>(contours.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) {
mu.add(Imgproc.moments(contours.get(i)));
        }
 
List<Point> mc = new ArrayList<>(contours.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) {
            //添加 1e-5 以避免除以零
mc.add(new Point(mu.get(i).m10 / (mu.get(i).m00 + 1e-5), mu.get(i).m01 / (mu.get(i).m00 + 1e-5)));
        }
 
Mat drawing = Mat.zeros(cannyOutput.size(), CvType.CV_8UC3);
        for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) {
            Scalar color = new Scalar(rng.nextInt(256), rng.nextInt(256), rng.nextInt(256));
Imgproc.drawContours(drawing, contours, i, color, 2);
Imgproc.circle(drawing, mc.get(i), 4, color, -1);
        }
 
imgContoursLabel.setIcon(new ImageIcon(HighGui.toBufferedImage(drawing)));
frame.repaint();
 
System.out.println("\t Info: Area and Contour Length \n");
        for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) {
System.out.format(" * Contour[%d] - Area (M_00) = %.2f - Area OpenCV: %.2f - Length: %.2f\n", i,
mu.get(i).m00, Imgproc.contourArea(contours.get(i)),
Imgproc.arcLength(new MatOfPoint2f(contours.get(i).toArray()), true));
        }
    }
}
 
public class MomentsDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //加载本地 OpenCV 库
System.loadLibrary(Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME);
 
        //为事件分派线程计划一项作业
        //创建和显示此应用程序的 GUI。
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
            public void run() {
                new MomentsClass(args);
            }
        });
    }
}

Python

此教程代码显示在以下各行中。你也可以从 此处 下载它

from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import division
导入 cv2 作为 cv
导入 numpy 作为 np
导入 argparse
导入 random 作为 rng
 
rng.seed(12345)
 
def thresh_callback(val)
threshold = val
 
    
canny_output = cv.Canny(src_gray, threshold, threshold * 2)
    
 
    
contours, _ = cv.findContours(canny_output, cv.RETR_TREE, cv.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
    
 
    # 获得矩
mu = [无]*len(contours)
    对于 i 在 range(len(contours))中
mu[i] = cv.moments(contours[i])
 
    # 获得质心
mc = [无]*len(contours)
    对于 i 在 range(len(contours))中
        # 添加 1e-5 以避免除以零
mc[i] = (mu[i]['m10'] / (mu[i]['m00'] + 1e-5), mu[i]['m01'] / (mu[i]['m00'] + 1e-5))
 
    # 绘制轮廓
    
drawing = np.zeros((canny_output.shape[0], canny_output.shape[1], 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    
    对于 i 在 range(len(contours))中
color = (rng.randint(0,256), rng.randint(0,256), rng.randint(0,256))
        cv.drawContours(drawing, contours, i, color, 2)
        cv.circle(drawing, (int(mc[i][0]), int(mc[i][1])), 4, color, -1)
    
 
    
    cv.imshow('轮廓', drawing)
    
 
    # 使用矩 00 计算面积，并与 OpenCV 函数的结果进行对比
    对于 i 在 range(len(contours))中
print(' * 轮廓[%d] - 面积 (M_00) = %.2f - OpenCV 面积: %.2f - 长度: %.2f' % (i, mu[i]['m00'], cv.contourArea(contours[i]), cv.arcLength(contours[i], 真)))
 
 
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='图像矩教程代码.')
parser.add_argument('--input', help='输入图像路径.', default='stuff.jpg')
args = parser.parse_args()
 
src = cv.imread(cv.samples.findFile(args.input))
如果 src 为 空
print('无法打开或找到图片：', args.input)
exit(0)
 
# 将图片转换为灰度并模糊
src_gray = cv.cvtColor(src, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
src_gray = cv.blur(src_gray, (3,3))
 
 
 
source_window = 'Source'
cv.namedWindow(source_window)
cv.imshow(source_window, src)
 
max_thresh = 255
thresh = 100 # 初始阈值
cv.createTrackbar('Canny 阈值:', source_window, thresh, max_thresh, thresh_callback)
thresh_callback(thresh)
 
 
cv.waitKey()

解释

结果

如下所示：