在图像中查找轮廓

目录

• 目标
• 理论
• 代码
• 解释
• 结果

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原始作者	Ana Huamán
兼容性	OpenCV >= 3.0

目标

在本教程中，您将学习如何

• 使用 OpenCV 函数 cv::findContours
• 使用 OpenCV 函数 cv::drawContours

理论

代码

C++

本教程代码的示例如下所示。您也可以从 这里 下载。

 
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
 
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
 
Mat src_gray;
int thresh = 100;
RNG rng(12345);
 
void thresh_callback(int, void* );
 
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, "{@input | HappyFish.jpg | input image}" );
    Mat src = imread( samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input" ) ) );
    if( src.empty() )
    {
cout << "无法打开或找到图像！\n" << endl;
cout << "用法：" << argv[0] << " <输入图像>" << endl;
      return -1;
    }
 
cvtColor( src, src_gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY );
blur( src_gray, src_gray, Size(3,3) );
 
    const char* source_window = "源";
namedWindow( source_window );
imshow( source_window, src );
 
    const int max_thresh = 255;
createTrackbar( "Canny 阈值：", source_window, &thresh, max_thresh, thresh_callback );
thresh_callback( 0, 0 );
 
waitKey();
    return 0;
}
 
void thresh_callback(int, void* )
{
    Mat canny_output;
Canny( src_gray, canny_output, thresh, thresh*2 );
 
vector<vector<Point> > contours;
vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;
findContours( canny_output, contours, hierarchy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE );
 
    Mat drawing = Mat::zeros( canny_output.size(), CV_8UC3 );
    for( size_t i = 0; i< contours.size(); i++ )
    {
        Scalar color = Scalar( rng.uniform(0, 256), rng.uniform(0,256), rng.uniform(0,256) );
drawContours( drawing, contours, (int)i, color, 2, LINE_8, hierarchy, 0 );
    }
 
imshow( "轮廓", drawing );
}

Java

本教程代码的示例如下所示。您也可以从 这里 下载。

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
 
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JSlider;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeEvent;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeListener;
 
import org.opencv.core.Core;
import org.opencv.core.CvType;
import org.opencv.core.Mat;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint;
import org.opencv.core.Point;
import org.opencv.core.Scalar;
import org.opencv.core.Size;
import org.opencv.highgui.HighGui;
import org.opencv.imgcodecs.Imgcodecs;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
 
class FindContours {
    private Mat srcGray = new Mat();
    private JFrame frame;
    private JLabel imgSrcLabel;
    private JLabel imgContoursLabel;
    private static final int MAX_THRESHOLD = 255;
    private int threshold = 100;
    private Random rng = new Random(12345);
 
    public FindContours(String[] args) {
String filename = args.length > 0 ? args[0] : "../data/HappyFish.jpg";
Mat src = Imgcodecs.imread(filename);
        if (src.empty()) {
System.err.println("无法读取图像：" + filename);
System.exit(0);
        }
 
Imgproc.cvtColor(src, srcGray, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
Imgproc.blur(srcGray, srcGray, new Size(3, 3));
 
        // 创建并设置窗口。
frame = new JFrame("在图像中查找轮廓演示");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        // 设置内容窗格。
Image img = HighGui.toBufferedImage(src);
addComponentsToPane(frame.getContentPane(), img);
        // 使用内容窗格的默认 BorderLayout。无需
        // setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        // 显示窗口。
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
update();
    }
 
    private void addComponentsToPane(Container pane, Image img) {
        if (!(pane.getLayout() instanceof BorderLayout)) {
pane.add(new JLabel("容器不使用 BorderLayout！"));
            return;
        }
 
JPanel sliderPanel = new JPanel();
sliderPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(sliderPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
 
sliderPanel.add(new JLabel("Canny 阈值："));
JSlider slider = new JSlider(0, MAX_THRESHOLD, threshold);
slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
slider.setMinorTickSpacing(10);
slider.setPaintTicks(true);
slider.setPaintLabels(true);
slider.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {
@Override
            public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
JSlider source = (JSlider) e.getSource();
threshold = source.getValue();
update();
            }
        });
sliderPanel.add(slider);
pane.add(sliderPanel, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
 
JPanel imgPanel = new JPanel();
imgSrcLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(img));
imgPanel.add(imgSrcLabel);
 
Mat blackImg = Mat.zeros(srcGray.size(), CvType.CV_8U);
imgContoursLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(HighGui.toBufferedImage(blackImg)));
imgPanel.add(imgContoursLabel);
 
pane.add(imgPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    }
 
    private void update() {
Mat cannyOutput = new Mat();
Imgproc.Canny(srcGray, cannyOutput, threshold, threshold * 2);
 
List<MatOfPoint> contours = new ArrayList<>();
Mat hierarchy = new Mat();
Imgproc.findContours(cannyOutput, contours, hierarchy, Imgproc.RETR_TREE, Imgproc.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
 
Mat drawing = Mat.zeros(cannyOutput.size(), CvType.CV_8UC3);
        for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) {
            Scalar color = new Scalar(rng.nextInt(256), rng.nextInt(256), rng.nextInt(256));
Imgproc.drawContours(drawing, contours, i, color, 2, Imgproc.LINE_8, hierarchy, 0, new Point());
        }
 
imgContoursLabel.setIcon(new ImageIcon(HighGui.toBufferedImage(drawing)));
frame.repaint();
    }
}
 
public class FindContoursDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 加载本机 OpenCV 库
System.loadLibrary(Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME);
 
        // 为事件分发线程安排一项作业
        // 创建并显示此应用程序的 GUI。
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
            public void run() {
                new FindContours(args);
            }
        });
    }
}

Python

本教程代码的示例如下所示。您也可以从 这里 下载。

from __future__ import print_function
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
import argparse
import random as rng
 
rng.seed(12345)
 
def thresh_callback(val)
threshold = val
 
    # 使用 Canny 检测边缘
canny_output = cv.Canny(src_gray, threshold, threshold * 2)
 
    # 查找轮廓
轮廓, 层次结构 = cv.findContours(canny_output, cv.RETR_TREE, cv.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
 
    # 绘制轮廓
drawing = np.zeros((canny_output.shape[0], canny_output.shape[1], 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    for i in range(len(contours))
color = (rng.randint(0,256), rng.randint(0,256), rng.randint(0,256))
        cv.drawContours(drawing, contours, i, color, 2, cv.LINE_8, hierarchy, 0)
 
    # 在窗口中显示
    cv.imshow('轮廓', drawing)
 
# 加载源图像
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='在图像中查找轮廓的教程代码.')
parser.add_argument('--input', help='输入图像路径.', default='HappyFish.jpg')
args = parser.parse_args()
 
src = cv.imread(cv.samples.findFile(args.input))
if src is None
print('无法打开或找到图像:', args.input)
exit(0)
 
# 将图像转换为灰度并进行模糊处理
src_gray = cv.cvtColor(src, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
src_gray = cv.blur(src_gray, (3,3))
 
# 创建窗口
source_window = '源'
cv.namedWindow(source_window)
cv.imshow(source_window, src)
max_thresh = 255
thresh = 100 # 初始阈值
cv.createTrackbar('Canny 阈值:', source_window, thresh, max_thresh, thresh_callback)
thresh_callback(thresh)
 
cv.waitKey()

解释

结果

这是：